An investigation of the social influence processes of flipped class students: An application of the extension of the technology acceptance model.

Universities are increasingly incorporating flipped learning as an effective instructional approach. Given the popularity of flipped learning, numerous studies have examined the psychological aspects of students and learning achievement in flipped learning classes. However, little research has examined the social influence processes of students in flipped class. This study investigated the effects of social influence processes (i.e., subjective norm, image, and voluntariness) on students' perceived usefulness of and intention to register for flipped learning using the extension of technology acceptance model (TAM2). A total of 306 undergraduates who took flipped classes participated in this research. The primary research findings indicated that subjective norm influenced perceived usefulness and intention to register for flipped classes. However, image did not influence perceived usefulness or intention to register for flipped classes. Voluntariness affected perceived usefulness and influenced intention to register for flipped classes through perceived usefulness.

Promoting rational antibiotic prescribing for non-complicated infections: understanding social influence in primary care networks in Germany.

BACKGROUND: Primary care networks in Germany are formalized regional collaborations of physicians and other healthcare providers. Common goals are optimized healthcare processes and services for patients, enhanced communication, agency for professional concerns and strengthened economic power. In the ARena study (Sustainable reduction of antibiotic-induced antimicrobial resistance), 14 primary care networks in two federal German states aimed to promote appropriate antibiotics use for acute non-complicated infections by fostering awareness and understanding. Factors related to the role of primary care networks were to be identified. METHODS: For this study, audio-recorded telephone interviews were conducted with physicians, non-physician health professionals and stakeholder representatives. Pseudonymized verbatim transcripts were coded using thematic analysis. In-depth analysis was based on the inductive categories 'social support', 'social learning', 'social normative pressures' and 'social contagion' to reflect social influence processes. Data generated through a survey with physicians and non-physician health professionals were analyzed descriptively to foster understanding of the networks' potential impact on antibiotic prescribing. RESULTS: Social influence processes proved to be relevant regarding knowledge transfer, manifestation of best-practice care and self-reflection. Peer communication was seen as a great asset, the main reason for membership and affirmative for own perspectives. All interviewed physicians (n = 27) considered their network to be a strong support factor for daily routines, introduction of new routines, and continuity of care. They utilized network-offered training programs focusing on best practice guideline-oriented use of antibiotics and considered their networks supportive in dealing with patient expectations. A shared attitude combined with ARena intervention components facilitated reflective management of antibiotic prescribing. Non-physician health professionals (n = 11) also valued network peer exchange. They assumed their employers joined networks to offer improved and continuous care. Stakeholders (n = 7) expected networks and their members to be drivers for care optimization. CONCLUSION: Primary care networks play a crucial role in providing a platform for professional peer exchange, social support and reassurance. With regards to their impact on antibiotic prescribing for acute non-complicated infections, networks seem to facilitate and amplify quality improvement programs by providing a platform for refreshing awareness, knowledge and self-reflection among care providers. They are well suited to promote a rational use of antibiotics. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN58150046. Registered 24 August 2017.

Bases sociológicas, antropológicas e psicológicas do comprometimento organizacional / Bases Sociológicas, antropológicas y psicológicas del compromiso organizacional / Sociological, anthropological and psychological bases for organizational commitment

O comprometimento organizacional é um construto complexo e polissêmico, não existindo ainda um consenso sobre a definição que mais bem o caracterize. Muitas vezes confundido com outros construtos, como satisfação, identificação e envolvimento, são raros os estudos que buscam investigar as influências sociológicas, antropológicas e psicológicas do comprometimento organizacional. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve por escopo apresentar algumas teorias de trocas sociais (exchange theory), compartilhamento de símbolos e relacionamento entre processos cognitivos e sociais, que podem propiciar um melhor entendimento dos vínculos que um indivíduo estabelece com sua organização. O estudo aprofundado de teorias sociais que precedem a concepção do comprometimento como um objeto de estudo do campo do comportamento organizacional é essencial para favorecer a clareza conceitual do fenômeno e indispensável para futuros estudos de validade discriminante frente a outros tipos de vínculo social.(AU)

Organizational commitment is a complex and polysemic construct, and there is no consensus about which definition best describes it. As it is often mistaken for other constructs such as job satisfaction, identification and involvement, few studies have investigated the sociological, anthropological and psychological influences of organizational commitment. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present some social exchange theories, as well as symbol sharing and the relationship between cognitive and social processes, which can provide a better understanding of the individual-organization bonds. A detailed study of some social theories that precede the conception of commitment as an object of study in the field of organizational behavior is substantial to the conceptual clarity of the phenomenon, and indispensable for future studies in discriminant validity as compared to other types of social bonds.(AU)

El compromiso organizacional es un constructo complejo y polisémico, y no hay todavía un consenso sobre la definición que mejor lo describe. A menudo se confunde con otros elementos como la satisfacción, la identificación y participación, son pocos los estudios que analizan las influencias sociológicas, antropológicas y psicológicas del compromiso organizacional. Por lo tanto, el alcance de este trabajo fue presentar algunas teorías de intercambio social, el compartir de símbolos y relaciones entre procesos cognitivos y sociales, que pueden proporcionar una mejor comprensión de los vínculos que una persona establece con su organización. El estudio detallado de las teorías sociales que preceden a la concepción de compromiso como un objeto de estudio del campo de comportamiento organizacional es esencial para promover la claridad conceptual del fenómeno e indispensable para los futuros estudios de validez discriminante en comparación con otros tipos de vínculos sociales.(AU)

Bases sociológicas, antropológicas e psicológicas do comprometimento organizacional / Bases Sociológicas, antropológicas y psicológicas del compromiso organizacional / Sociological, anthropological and psychological bases for organizational commitment

O comprometimento organizacional é um construto complexo e polissêmico, não existindo ainda um consenso sobre a definição que mais bem o caracterize. Muitas vezes confundido com outros construtos, como satisfação, identificação e envolvimento, são raros os estudos que buscam investigar as influências sociológicas, antropológicas e psicológicas do comprometimento organizacional. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve por escopo apresentar algumas teorias de trocas sociais (exchange theory), compartilhamento de símbolos e relacionamento entre processos cognitivos e sociais, que podem propiciar um melhor entendimento dos vínculos que um indivíduo estabelece com sua organização. O estudo aprofundado de teorias sociais que precedem a concepção do comprometimento como um objeto de estudo do campo do comportamento organizacional é essencial para favorecer a clareza conceitual do fenômeno e indispensável para futuros estudos de validade discriminante frente a outros tipos de vínculo social.

Organizational commitment is a complex and polysemic construct, and there is no consensus about which definition best describes it. As it is often mistaken for other constructs such as job satisfaction, identification and involvement, few studies have investigated the sociological, anthropological and psychological influences of organizational commitment. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present some social exchange theories, as well as symbol sharing and the relationship between cognitive and social processes, which can provide a better understanding of the individual-organization bonds. A detailed study of some social theories that precede the conception of commitment as an object of study in the field of organizational behavior is substantial to the conceptual clarity of the phenomenon, and indispensable for future studies in discriminant validity as compared to other types of social bonds.

El compromiso organizacional es un constructo complejo y polisémico, y no hay todavía un consenso sobre la definición que mejor lo describe. A menudo se confunde con otros elementos como la satisfacción, la identificación y participación, son pocos los estudios que analizan las influencias sociológicas, antropológicas y psicológicas del compromiso organizacional. Por lo tanto, el alcance de este trabajo fue presentar algunas teorías de intercambio social, el compartir de símbolos y relaciones entre procesos cognitivos y sociales, que pueden proporcionar una mejor comprensión de los vínculos que una persona establece con su organización. El estudio detallado de las teorías sociales que preceden a la concepción de compromiso como un objeto de estudio del campo de comportamiento organizacional es esencial para promover la claridad conceptual del fenómeno e indispensable para los futuros estudios de validez discriminante en comparación con otros tipos de vínculos sociales.